How this works
To do that they need the files the page depends on: stylesheets, scripts, sometimes fonts and images.
If your robots.txt blocks the folders those files live in, the crawler gets the page and nothing else. It builds what it can from the pieces it's allowed to load, and ends up with a version of your site that nobody has ever seen.
Why it matters
This is a quiet problem, because the page itself isn't blocked. It opens fine. The damage is to what the crawler concludes about it: text that should be visible looks hidden, layout collapses, sections that load on demand never appear.
The usual cause is a single broad rule written years ago for a sensible reason. Someone blocked a whole directory to keep uploads or plugin folders out of search results, and your stylesheets happened to live inside it.
Google's guidance on this is direct: don't block resources that the page needs in order to render, or it can't be processed properly. The JavaScript SEO basics documentation covers it.
How to fix
1. Open yoursite.com/robots.txt and look at every Disallow line.
2. Flag anything that could contain design or script files. On WordPress the classic offender is:
Disallow: /wp-content/That single line blocks your themes, your plugins and your uploaded images all at once. Other common ones name /assets/, /css/, /js/, /static/ or /includes/.
3. Remove the rules that cover those folders. There's rarely a good reason to block them. If you were trying to keep specific files out of results, block those files rather than the folder they share with everything else.
4. Keep blocking what should be blocked. Admin areas, checkout, account pages and search result pages are all reasonable. The rule of thumb: block pages you don't want visited, not the files your pages are built from.
5. Check the result. Google Search Console has a URL inspection tool that shows you the page as Google rendered it, including which resources it couldn't load. It's free, and it's the clearest view you can get of this particular problem.
Where to change this on your platform
WordPress
the file is normally managed by your SEO plugin: editing robots.txt in Yoast SEO. This is also the platform where the problem actually happens, because of /wp-content/.
Shopify
generated from a theme template: editing robots.txt.liquid. The default doesn't block asset folders; a block means someone added it.
Wix
there's a built-in editor: editing your site's robots.txt file.
Squarespace
you can't edit this file by hand, and Squarespace doesn't block its own asset folders. This problem effectively doesn't occur here.
If a rule keeps coming back
Some security plugins and hosting panels rewrite robots.txt on their own schedule. If a Disallow line reappears after you delete it, it's being injected rather than stored. Check your security plugins and your hosting control panel, or ask your host directly.
